Lesson+1+-+Electricity


 * **Lesson 6.1 What is Electricity? ** ||

**Preface ** This lesson is an introduction to basic electricity. It is assumed that students have no prior exposure to the concepts addressed. The power provided through electricity is a part of their everyday lives, but they may or may not have considered where it comes from, why it works or how it is produced and transmitted. Few students could imagine life without it. They might consider something like a camping trip to be life without electricity. Upon further investigation, though, they would discover the role of electricity in preparing for the trip and in the materials they might pack. Following this lesson, students will learn about some basic electronic components and digital electronics.

1. As engineers design electrical systems, they must understand a material’s tendency toward being a conductor or insulator. 2. Electron flow is created as electrons are transferred between atoms. 3. Current, voltage, and resistance are measurable quantities that are used to explain electron flow in an electrical system. 4. Generators are used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, while motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. 5. Magnets play an important role in creating electromotive force which is used to make and convert electricity.
 * Concepts**

**Performance Objectives ** //It is expected that students will:// · Judge whether a material is a conductor, insulator, or semiconductor based upon its number of valance electrons and its position on the periodic table. · Explain how the Law of Charges holds an atom together. · Explain how electrons transfer from one atom to another to create electron flow. · Define current, voltage, and resistance. · Measure voltage and current using a multimeter. · Understand the properties of a magnet. · Build an electromagnet to demonstrate its characteristics and functions. · Build a DC motor to identify the primary parts and demonstrate how it functions. · Build a generator to identify the primary parts and demonstrate how it functions. · Understand the role of an electromagnet in the function of a DC motor and generator. · Compare the characteristics of a basic motor and generator.
 * Identify the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.
 * Identify an element based on the atomic number.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Identify metals, metalloids, and non-metals on the periodic table.

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Assessment **

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Explanation · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will create an analogy other than the provided water analogy to explain the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance.

//<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Self-knowledge // · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will journal about what it would be like to be somewhere in the world without electricity. They must decide what they most value which requires electricity.

Essential Questions <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1. Why are some materials good at conducting electricity and some are not? 2. How do electricians measure electricity values? 3. How are motors and generators the same? Different?

Key Terms
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Ampere (A) ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A unit of measure of the rate of current flow. One ampere equals one coulomb per second. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Anode ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The positively charged structure within a voltaic cell. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Armature ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The rotating part of an electrical generator. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Atom ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The smallest part of an element that contains all of the properties of that element. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Atomic Number ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The atomic number is equal to the number of protons (positively charged particles) in the nucleus of an atom. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Battery ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A device used to convert chemical energy into electric energy. A group of voltaic cells connected together in a series or parallel connection. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Cathode ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The negatively charged structure within a voltaic cell. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Circuit ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">An electrical path between two points. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Commutator ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Strips or bars of metal insulated from each other and arranged around one end of an armature. Used to flip the flow of electricity, so positive becomes negative and negative becomes positive. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Conductor ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A device or material that permits current to flow through it easily. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Continuity ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The continuous flow through a component or an entire circuit. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Coulomb ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">6.25 x 1024 electrons ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Current ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A flow of electric charge. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Direct Current (DC) ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Current that does not reverse its direction of flow. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Electromagnet ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Magnet created by passing a current through a coil of wire. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Electron ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A negatively charged particle. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Electron Theory ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Electrons flow from a negative point to a positive point. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Element ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The simplest form of matter. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Field Magnet ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Permanent magnets, arranged outside the armature. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Generator ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A device used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Insulator ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A material used to electrically isolate two conductive surfaces. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">LED ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A Light Emitting Diode. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Magnet ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">An object that is surrounded by a magnetic field and that has the property, either natural or induced, of attracting iron or steel. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Matter ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Anything that occupies space. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Molecule ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The smallest part of a compound that is made of individual atoms. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Motor ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A device used to convert electric energy into mechanical energy. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Multimeter ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">An instrument for measuring the properties of an electrical circuit. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Neutron ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">An uncharged atomic particle. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Nucleus ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The center portion of an atom containing the protons and neutrons. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Proton ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A positively charged atomic particle. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Resistance (R) ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The opposition of current flow. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Semiconductors ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A material that is both a poor conductor and a poor insulator. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Static Electricity ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">An accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Valence Electrons ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The outermost ring of electrons in an atom. Used to determine whether an element is an insulator, conductor or semiconductor. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Voltage ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The force behind the movement of electrons. ||

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Day-by-Day Plans **

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Time: 16 days

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Day 1-2: · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will present **Concepts**, **Key Terms**, and **Essential Questions** in order to provide a lesson overview. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will use //The Atom// from Teachers’ Domain to introduce parts of an atom. There are also several options available on Brainpop.com if you are a member. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will distribute **Activity 6.1.1 Atomic Structure and Electricity**. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will deliver the **Atomic Structure.ppt** presentation. The teacher will demonstrate Doping as described in the Teacher Notes and mentioned in the Atomic Structure.ppt. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will complete the Activity 6.1.1 Atomic Structure and Electricity handout while going through the presentation. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will use appropriate engineering notebook template for daily entries.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Day 3: · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will review and collect Activity 6.1.1 Atomic Structure and Electricity. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will deliver **Using a Multimeter.ppt** ·

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Note: <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will demonstrate the use of the multimeters that are available for use in the classroom during the presentation. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will distribute, explain, and assign **Activity 6.1.2 Conductivity** for student teams to complete. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students in teams of two to three will complete Activity 6.1.2 Conductivity and then individually complete the conclusion questions. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will use appropriate engineering notebook template for daily entries.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Day 4: · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will review and collect Activity 6.1.2 Conductivity. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will present the **Basics of Electricity.ppt**. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The students will complete the **Activity 6.1.3 Static and Current Electricity** handout. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will show //Static Electricity: Snap, Crackle, Jump// from the Teachers Domain website. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will use appropriate engineering notebook template for daily entries.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Days 5-6: · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will review and collect Activity 6.1.3 Static and Current Electricity · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will deliver **Electricity and Magnetism.ppt** · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will take notes during the presentation. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will distribute, explain, and assign **Activity 6.1.4 Electromagnets**. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Student teams will begin Activity 6.1.4 Electromagnets. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will record their daily accomplishments, along with future goals and needs each day using the appropriate engineering notebook template. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will use appropriate engineering notebook template for daily entries.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Days 7-9: · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Student teams will complete Activity 6.1.4 Electromagnets. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will record their daily accomplishments, along with future goals and needs each day using the appropriate engineering notebook template. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Student will individually complete Activity 6.1.4 Electromagnets conclusion questions. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will use appropriate engineering notebook template for daily entries.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Day 10-11: · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will review and collect Activity 6.1.4 Electromagnets. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will distribute, explain, and assign **Activity 6.1.5 DC Motor Construction** for student teams to complete. ·

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Note: <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will wait to complete the conclusion questions until after **Motors and Generators.ppt** is delivered on day 12. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will use appropriate engineering notebook template for daily entries.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Day 12: · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will deliver Motors and Generators.ppt. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will take notes during the presentation and then individually answer Activity 6.1.5 DC Motor Construction conclusion questions. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will distribute, explain, and assign **Project 6.1.6 Generators** for student teams to begin designing. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will record their daily accomplishments, along with future goals and needs each day using the appropriate engineering notebook template. o

<span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Design Brief Template o

<span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Decision Matrix Template o

<span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Design Process Solution Template · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will use appropriate engineering notebook template for daily entries.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Days 13-16: · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Student teams will complete Project 6.1.6 Generators. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will record their daily accomplishments, along with future goals and needs each day using the appropriate engineering notebook template. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Student will individually complete Project 6.1.6 Generators conclusion questions. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will assess using **Project 6.1.6 Generators Grading Rubric**. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Optional: The teacher will show the DVD Electricity: //The Invisible River of Energy.// ·

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Optional: <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will watch the movie and complete **Activity 6.1.7 Electricity: The Invisible River of Energy**. ·

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Optional: <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will use the **Answer Key for Activity 6.1.7 Electricity: The Invisible River of Energy** to assess student work. ·

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Optional: <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher may wish to assign **Key Terms 6.1 Crossword** after all key terms have been introduced. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will use appropriate engineering notebook template for daily entries. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Students will review activities completed in this lesson and enter best works in their GTT Portfolio. · <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The teacher will evaluate student notebooks using the **GTT Notebook Grading Rubric**.

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Instructional Resources ** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Presentations

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Atomic Structure

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Using a Multimeter

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Basics of Electricity

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Electricity and Magnetism

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Motors and Generators

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Word Documents

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Activity 6.1.1 Atomic Structure and Electricity

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Activity 6.1.2 Conductivity

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Activity 6.1.3 Static and Current Electricity

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Activity 6.1.4 Electromagnets

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Activity 6.1.5 DC Motor Construction

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Project 6.1.6 Generators

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Design Brief Template

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Decision Matrix Template

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Design Process Solution Template

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Activity 6.1.7 Electricity: The Invisible River of Energy

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Lesson 6.1 Key Terms Crossword

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Answer Keys and Rubrics

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">GTT Notebook Grading Rubric

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Project 6.1.6 Generators Grading Rubric

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Lesson 6.1 Key Terms Crossword Answer Key

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Teacher Guidelines

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Lesson 6.1 What is Electricity?

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Lesson 6.1 Teacher Notes

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Electricity Handout

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Activity 6.1.7 Electricity: The Invisible River of Energy Answer Key